Why are antibiotics required before dental work in a child with a cardiac defect?

Antibiotics are required before dental work in a child with a cardiac defect primarily to prevent endocarditis. Endocarditis is an infection of the inner lining of the heart, typically the heart valves. In individuals with certain heart conditions, particularly congenital defects or valve diseases, there is an increased risk of bacteria entering the bloodstream during procedures that manipulate the gums or oral tissues, such as dental work. If these bacteria reach the heart, they can adhere to damaged areas and cause an infection.

The use of prophylactic antibiotics is a critical preventive measure recommended by health organizations to safeguard these vulnerable patients. This is particularly essential in procedures that are likely to create bacteremia, which can lead to endocarditis, thus helping to maintain their health and prevent serious complications related to their underlying cardiac conditions.