What condition is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerumen in the ear?

The condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerumen in the ear is earwax impaction. Cerumen, also known as earwax, is produced by glands in the ear canal and serves essential functions, such as trapping dirt and preventing microbial infections. However, when cerumen builds up excessively, it can lead to blockage or impaction, which may cause symptoms like hearing loss, earache, tinnitus, or a feeling of fullness in the ear.

Earwax impaction occurs when the natural process of cerumen drainage is disrupted, often due to factors such as improper cleaning methods (like using cotton swabs), narrow ear canals, or excessive production of wax. Recognizing this condition is crucial for treatment and management, which may involve gentle irrigation, manual removal by a healthcare professional, or simply observation in cases where no symptoms are present.

Other conditions mentioned, such as otitis media, cholesteatoma, and tympanic membrane perforation, are related to issues within the ear but do not specifically refer to the buildup of cerumen. Otitis media involves inflammation or infection of the middle ear, cholesteatoma refers to an abnormal skin growth in the middle ear, and a tympanic membrane perforation is a hole or rupture in the e